Tűzkereszt means “Fire Cross”, a Hungarian military decoration awarded for front-line combat service between 1941 and 1943.

Hungarian Military History Archive

An online archive preserving Hungarian and Austro-Hungarian military history through original photographs, awards, documents, and research material.

ESTABLISHED 2010

2015-11-17

Erdély 1940

Hungarian soldiers and civilians pose together for a commemorative photograph during the 1940 Return of Transylvania (Erdély) campaign. Images such as this reflect the encounters between military personnel and local inhabitants during a period of significant political and territorial change.

The soldiers are wearing the Hungarian national tricolor in the form of small striped cockades attached to the front of their field caps. These insignia served as a visible symbol of national identity and were widely worn by Hungarian troops during the campaign.

The Return of Transylvania followed the Second Vienna Award of 30 August 1940, under which Northern Transylvania was transferred from Romania to Hungary. The entry of Hungarian troops into the region was documented in numerous official and private photographs, many of which preserve the atmosphere of the period and the interactions between soldiers and civilians.

This photograph captures a moment shared by soldiers and civilians during the 1940 campaign, preserving a scene that reflects both the military operation and the human encounters that accompanied it.